Kuyini ukusabalala kokuhluka kwe-Omicron?

Kuyini ukusabalala kokuhluka kwe-Omicron? Kuthiwani ngokuxhumana? Uma ubhekene nokwehluka okusha kwe-COVID-19, yini okufanele umphakathi uyinake emsebenzini wawo wansuku zonke? Bheka impendulo ye-National Health Commission ukuze uthole imininingwane

Q:Kuyini ukutholakala kanye nokusabalala kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-Omicron?
A:Ngomhla ziyisi-9 Novemba 2021, okuhlukile kwe-COVID-19 B.1.1.529 kwatholwa okokuqala ngqa eNingizimu Afrika. Emasontweni amabili nje kuphela, i-mutant yaba inguquko ngokuphelele yezigameko ezintsha zokutheleleka ngegciwane eSifundazweni saseGauteng, eNingizimu Afrika, ngokukhula ngokushesha. Ngomhla zingama-26 kuLwezi, owakuchaza ngokuthi “okuhlukile kokukhathazeka” kwesihlanu (VOC), waqamba igama lesiGreek elithi Omicron variant. Kusukela ngoNovemba 28, iNingizimu Afrika, i-Israel, iBelgium, i-Italy, iBrithani, i-Austria ne-Hong Kong, i-China yayiqaphe ukufakwa kwe-mutant. Okokufaka kwe-mutant akukatholakali kwezinye izifundazwe namadolobha ase-China. I-Omicron mutant yatholwa okokuqala futhi yabikwa eNingizimu Afrika, kodwa akusho ukuthi igciwane lavela eNingizimu Afrika, futhi indawo yokutholwa kwe-mutant akuyona ngempela indawo yemvelaphi.

Q: Yiziphi izizathu ezingenzeka zokuvela kwe-Omicron mutant?

IMP: Ngokolwazi olwabiwe yi-COVID-19 database GISAID, inani lezindawo zokuguqulwa kwe-COVID-19′s laliphezulu kakhulu kunalezo zonke izinhlobo ze-COVID-19 eminyakeni emi-2 yakamuva, ikakhulukazi ku-Spike. Kucatshangwa ukuthi kungaba nezizathu ezintathu ezilandelayo:
(1) ngemva kokutheleleka nge-COVID-19, iziguli ezintula amasosha omzimba zabhekana nenguquko isikhathi eside futhi zaqongelela inani elikhulu lezinguquko emzimbeni.
(2) ukutheleleka kwe-COVID-19 eqenjini elithile lezilwane kuye kwaba nokuguquguquka okuguquguqukayo ohlelweni lokudluliswa kwenani lezilwane, ngezinga lokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo elingaphezu kwelomuntu, bese lidlulela kubantu.
(3) ukuguqulwa bekulokhu kuyigenome ye-COVID-19 isikhathi eside emazweni noma ezifundeni ezisemuva. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwekhono lokuqapha, ukuvela kwegciwane lesizukulwane esiphakathi akukwazi ukutholwa ngesikhathi.

Q:Kuyini ukudluliswa kokuhluka kwe-Omicron?
A:Okwamanje, ayikho idatha yocwaningo ehlelekile mayelana nokusuleleka, ukugula kanye nekhono lokuphunyuka lokuzivikela komzimba kwe-Omicron mutant emhlabeni. Kodwa-ke, i-Omicron mutant futhi inezindawo ezibalulekile zokuguqula i-amino acid ye-alpha (alpha), i-beta (beta), i-gamma (gamma) kanye ne-delta (delta) amaprotheni e-spike wezinguquko ezine zokuqala ze-VOC, okuhlanganisa amasayithi okuguqula athuthukisa ukuhlangana kwe-cell receptor kanye negciwane. ikhono lokuphindaphinda. Idatha yokubhekwa kwezifo kanye nelabhorethri ikhombisa ukuthi isibalo sabantu abatheleleke nge-Omicron mutant eNingizimu Afrika senyuke kakhulu futhi sangena esikhundleni se-delta mutant. Ikhono lokudlulisela lidinga ukubhekwa nokucwaninga okwengeziwe.

Q:Ingabe okuhlukile kwe-Omicron kuyithinta kanjani imigomo nemishanguzo yamasosha omzimba?
A: Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi uma izinguquko ze-K417N, E484A noma i-N501Y zenzeka kuphrotheni ye-COVID-19 S, amandla okuphunyuka amasosha omzimba azothuthukiswa. Kube khona ukuguqulwa okuphindwe kathathu kwe-“k417n + e484a + n501y” ku-Omicron mutant; Ukwengeza, kukhona ezinye izinguquko eziningi ezingase zehlise umsebenzi wokuqeda amandla kwamanye amasosha omzimba we-monoclonal. Ukuma okuphezulu kokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kungase kunciphise umphumela wokuvikela weminye imishanguzo yamasosha omzimba ku-Omicron mutant, futhi amandla okuphunyuka amasosha omzimba emithi yokugoma ekhona adinga ukuqashelwa futhi atadishwe.

Q:Ingabe i-Omicron mutant iyawathinta ama-nucleic acid atholakalayo njengamanje asetshenziswa eChina?
A:Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Genomic kwe-Omicron mutant kubonise ukuthi indawo yayo yokuguqula ayizange ithinte ukuzwela nokucaciswa kwama-reagents okutholwa kwe-nucleic acid ajwayelekile e-China. Iziza zokuguqula izakhi zofuzo zazigxile kakhulu endaweni eguquguqukayo ephezulu yesakhi sofuzo se-S protein, esingatholakali endaweni eqondiswe ku-primer kanye ne-probe ye-nucleic acid yokuthola i-reagent ekhishwe kuhlelo lwesi-8 lohlelo olusha lokuvimbela nokulawula i-coronavirus (the ORF1ab gene ne-N gene ekhishwe yi-China CDC virus disease to the world). Kodwa-ke, idatha evela kumalabhorethri ambalwa eNingizimu Afrika iphakamisa ukuthi i-reagent yokuthola i-nucleic acid enethagethi yokutholwa ye-S gene ingase ingakwazi ukuthola ngempumelelo i-S gene ye-Omicron mutant.

Q: Yiziphi izinyathelo ezithathwe amazwe nezifunda ezifanele?
IMP: Ngokubuka ukuthambekela okusheshayo kobhubhane lwe-Omicron mutant eNingizimu Afrika, amazwe amaningi nezifunda, okuhlanganisa i-United States, i-United Kingdom, i-European Union, i-Russia, i-Israel, i-Taiwan ne-Hong Kong, ibeke imingcele ukungena kwezivakashi ezivela. eningizimu ye-Afrika.

Q: Yiziphi izinyathelo zokulwa zaseChina?
A:Isu lokuvimbela nokulawula "lokufaka ukuvikela kwangaphandle kanye nokubopha kabusha kokuvikela kwangaphakathi" e-China lisasebenza ku-Omicron mutant. Isikhungo sezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane seSikhungo SaseShayina Sokulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo sisungule indlela ethile yokuthola i-nucleic acid ye-Omicron mutant, futhi siyaqhubeka nokuqapha i-virus genome ukuze kube nezimo ezingaba khona zokufakwayo. Izinyathelo ezingenhla zizoba usizo ekutholweni ngesikhathi kwezinguquko ze-Omicron ezingase zingeniswe e-China.

Q: Yiziphi izincomo zokuthi ubani okufanele abhekane nokuhluka kwe-Omicron?
A:I-WHO incoma ukuthi wonke amazwe aqinise ukuqapha, ukubika nokucwaninga kwe-COVID-19, futhi athathe izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zezempilo zomphakathi ukumisa ukusakazeka kwegciwane. Kunconywa ukuthi abantu bathathe izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokuvimbela ukutheleleka, okuhlanganisa ukugcina ibanga okungenani elingu-1m ezindaweni zomphakathi, ukugqoka imaski, ukuvula amawindi ukuze kungene umoya, ukugcina izandla zihlanzekile, ukukhwehlela noma ukuthimula ezindololwaneni noma amathawula ephepha, ukugoma, njll., kanye ukugwema ukuya ezindaweni ezingenawo umoya ohlanzekile noma eziminyene. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye eziguquguqukayo ze-VOC, akuqiniseki ukuthi ukudluliseka, i-pathogenicity kanye nekhono lokuphunyuka lokuzivikela komzimba we-Omicron mutants kunamandla yini. Imiphumela yokuqala izotholakala emasontweni ambalwa ezayo. Kodwa-ke, kuyaziwa ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zingaholela ekuguleni okubi kakhulu noma ekufeni, ngakho-ke ukuvimbela ukudluliswa kwegciwane kuhlala kuwukhiye. Umuthi omusha wokugomela umqhele usasebenza ekwehliseni ukugula okunzima nokufa.

Q: Uma ubhekene nokwehluka okusha kwe-COVID-19, yini okufanele umphakathi uyinake emsebenzini wawo wansuku zonke?
I:(1) Ukugqoka imaski kuseyindlela esebenzayo yokuvimba ukudluliswa kwegciwane, futhi kuyasebenza kokuhlukile kwe-Omicron. Noma ngabe yonke inqubo yokugoma kanye nomjovo we-booster isiqediwe, kuyadingeka futhi ukugqoka imaski ezindaweni zomphakathi ezingaphakathi, izithuthi zomphakathi nakwezinye izindawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, geza izandla njalo futhi wenze umsebenzi omuhle ekungeneni komoya wasendlini. (2) Yenza umsebenzi omuhle ekuhloleni impilo yomuntu siqu. Esimeni okusoleka ukuthi kunezimpawu ze-pneumonia ye-coronavirus ezinjengomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, ukuphelelwa umoya, njll., ukuqapha okufika ngesikhathi kwezinga lokushisa lomzimba kanye nokwelashwa okusebenzayo. (3) Yehlisa ukungena nokuphuma okungadingekile. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje, amazwe amaningi nezifunda ziye zabika ngokulandelana ukungeniswa kwe-Omicron mutant. I-China nayo ibhekene nengozi yokungeniswa kwalesi siguquli, futhi ukuqonda komhlaba wonke kwalesi siguquli kusalinganiselwe. Ngakho-ke, ukuya ezindaweni ezisengozini enkulu kufanele kuncishiswe, ukuvikelwa komuntu siqu ngesikhathi sohambo kufanele kuqiniswe, futhi ithuba lokutheleleka nge-Omicron mutant kufanele lincishiswe.